Hunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez - 1011 Words

To be an ethnic American is a culture all on its own. Hunger of memory by Richard Rodrà ­guez gives an insight into the rarely viewed world. A person that no longer falls into either category of family or American community. Such an individual is stuck between two worlds, in which two different cultures collide yet form a rift through family, language and education. Family is the first thing anybody grows to know. You become familiarized with the traditions and the people of the unit. In the case of an ethnic family living and growing up in the United States, the unit should be a more joint and stronger community within, and set apart from the rest with its own uniqueness. There should also be a security and comfort entering the home. Yet through the book you begin to see a fissure opening more and more thus separating Richard from his family as he begin to venture out into the â€Å"gringo† community. Suddenly the comfort felt in the home diminishes and it becomes awkward. T he unity you could sense seems to be no longer present and silence falls over. The community built in order to keep the gringos out is no longer there. In the case of Richard this begins with the start of the path of his education. In Hunger of Memory Richard talks about the separation that occurs with him and his family as his education unfolds. How he became a scholarship boy changes everything. His journey, like most ethnic/ Latino families, began his first years in school. There he is still an outcast,Show MoreRelatedHunger of Memory, by Richard Rodriguez1459 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the languages and culture are different, translation has to be used in deferent ways or methods to decrease misunderstandings and create better way to communicate with others. language seem to be essential topics that motivate Richard Rodriguez, Luis Rodriguez, Sandra Cineros, Victor Villasenor, and Avtavio Paz to write their experiences starting from early periods of their childhood and ending with the fame and the glory they make to reach to the highest levels of success. Despite the contrastRead MoreHunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez620 Words   |  2 PagesIn Richard Rodriguez autobiography, Hunger of Memory, Richard himself writes about his educational journey. Rodriguez wrote such book in 1982. The book revolves around the life a young immigrant child, whom has a difficult time understanding how to adapt himself in the given environment. Furthermore, the book navigates the readers though Richards transition form boyhood to adulthood. Not only so, but Richard discusses how the opportunities that were presented to him altered his viewpoints in lifeRead MoreRichard Rodriguez s Hunger Of Memory 974 Words   |  4 Pagesup from a different culture, Richard Rodriguez looks back on his experience on how he faced the situation as the child of Mexican immigrants. According to his 1982 memoir, â€Å"Hunger of Memory†, Rodriguez uses his own observation â€Å"to argue that if the children of immigrants are to succeed in the United States, they must separate themselves from their home culture and immerse themselves in the English oriented atmosphere of the American school† (980). In â€Å"Aria†, Rodriguez has created an autobiographicRead MoreRichard Rodriguez s Hunger Of Memory1740 Words   |  7 PagesOur language is a part of who we are and can separate us as individuals. It is a part of our personal identity. Knowing who we are also means knowing where we come from and having a connection to our heritage. In the first chapter of Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory, he begins to tell the story of his decision to give up his native tongue of Spanish and begin to assimilate to American culture, with t he belief he can be more successful speaking English. He argues that it is best for the studentRead MoreHunger For Memory : Education Of Richard Rodriguez894 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding among the individuals without shared values and meanings. In â€Å"Hunger for Memory: Education of Richard Rodriguez†, Rodriquez argues that language takes two forms: private and public. What Richard labels as private is the language of the home, whereas public language is the discourse of public society. Growing up, Richard’s private language was not like the public language, which set Richard apart from his parents. Therefore, Richard explores his acculturated self-identity by analyzing his educationalRead MoreHunger Of Memory : The Education Of Richard Rodriguez1818 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez is a six chapter book that reads more like a collection of essays than an autobiography. It is written by Richard Rodriguez, a Mexican American author, analyst, educational commentator and intellectual. A large part of his personal treatise is his reflections and dissection of â€Å"contemporary education† and its meaning to a Hispanic American child growing up in the 1950s. It is unusual that a young person would write his own autobiographyRead MoreRichard Rodriguez s Hunger Of Memory 1817 Words   |  8 Pagessaying that for immigrants to this country, there is no higher virtue than complete assimilation. This silent bias is the cause of much of the conflict in the U.S. throughout history and today. One of these troubles is shown in Richard Rodriguez’s autobiography Hunger of Memory, where he describes his experiences at age six, when he first began to be diverted from his culture. He then explains the exact momen t when there was a damaging change in his life, when the nuns from his school paid his parentsRead More Analysis of Hunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Hunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez Richard Rodriguez?s essay, Hunger of Memory, narrates the course of his educational career. Rodriguez tells of the unenthusiastic and disheartening factors that he had to endure along with his education such as isolation and lack of innovation. It becomes apparent that Rodriguez believes that only a select few go through the awful experiences that he underwent. But actually the contrary is true. The majority of students do go through theRead MoreAnalysis Of Richard Rodriguez s Hunger Of Memory 1591 Words   |  7 Pagesarguably the base of the American Dream. Any person can start with nearly nothing, but through education, he or she can become successful. In Hunger of Memory, Richard Rodriguez told the story of how education allowed him to change from a boy who was â€Å"...able to understand some fifty stray English words†(9) to a scholar working in the British Museum. Obviously, Rodriguez appreciates the doors that education opened for him over the course of his life, but his autobiography reveals a dark side to the pursuitRead MoreHunger of Memory by Richard Rodriguez: Book Critique1725 Words   |  7 Pagesreview of Richard Rodriguez’s book titled â€Å"Hunger of Memory,† shows the author’s smart way of writing an autobiography. The book is conformed in six well explained essays of Rodriguez’s life placed together, all in order to show the reader the different outcomes during his life as a middle class Mexican-American. The author wrote this autobiography on 1982, in where he explains the moments that he and his family went by during their immigration inside the United States. Richard Rodriguez started attending

Eternal Reward And Consequences Beyond Residency Essay

There will be eternal reward and consequences beyond residency in heaven. The judgment time is called the Bema Seat of Christ or judgment seat of Christ. That day of reckoning is described in the following three passages: 1 Corinthians 3:12-15, 2 Corinthians 5:10, and Romans 14:10-12. These passages include a reckoning of more than just financial issues. The above truth is a sobering fact of Scripture. If Millennials were to internalize these values, it would create a sense of careful calculations in all matters of life. After determining that God owns all things and that Christians are accountable to God, it is important to clarify how the word steward is used in the Bible. In biblical times a steward was a trusted person given responsibility for someone else’s possessions which may include care for livestock, immediate family members, or servants. , A steward’s duty was to manage on behalf of the master with the purpose to increase the master’s resources or influence. Finally, it implied some form of judgment or reckoning to reward the steward if he was faithful in the management of the entrusted resources. â€Å"Often, stewardship is thought of only in terms of finances, but the Bible teaches that stewardship is a far greater concept, involving how we respond with all of our life.† For the purposes of this dissertation topic, the Project Director acknowledges stewardship includes more than finances but will focus predominantly on financial stewardship. If the project Show MoreRelatedThe Great Divorce and The Divine Comedy3095 Words   |  13 Pageschoice of the individual soul, while Dante shows the results of one’s choices. Perhaps, this is why Lewis does not focus on hell extensively, while Dante does. Dante explores the reasoning behind sins, focusing on the punishments, the penance and rewards of riding oneself of the seven deadly sins and the distortions of love that lead to those sins. Dante represents how sins are sorted into hierarchies of punishment and penance, namely appetites, seen as less damning, and distortions of love, whichRead More8 stages of social development6628 Words   |  27 Pagescausing a shift toward the opposite pole. Me decades become us epochs as we constantly spiral up, or spiral down in response to life conditions. Some social stages stress diversity generators that reward individual initiatives and value human rights. Other social stages impose conformity regulators and reward cooperative, collective act ions. Societies will zigzag between these two poles, thus embracing different models at each tilt. Once a new social stage appears in a culture, it will spread its instructionalRead MoreCommercial Liens - a Potent Weapon Essay32374 Words   |  130 Pagespublisher guarantee that using this information will result in success or protect the reader from harm. The reader must accept that risk, and thoroughly study the law before using any of this material. Readers must take full responsibility for the consequences of any actions taken based on the contents of this manual. For most readers, you may well be best off reading this as a sort of adventure novel. You can learn of some of the actual documents and procedures being used by many freedom fightersRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdecades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the 1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the

An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People Free Essays

An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People You spot them immediately. They’re gathered around the swing set Eke moths to an open flame; not talking, Just looking down at what’s In their small hands. There’s around four of them, appearing to be first graders or so, testing away twice as fast as you ever could, completely oblivious to everything around them. We will write a custom essay sample on An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pausing for a second, you stop to wonder, â€Å"Whatever happened to actually using the swing set? † Technology is like a fine wine; as it matures and ages, it becomes better and better, making it appeal to large crowds of people. Yet what happens If one has too much wine? They become drunk. Just like an alcoholic, the next generation appears as if they are addicted to this modern technology, and that is not be such a good thing as people think It Is. The kids seem to be gradually losing one of the most delicate and treasured things on this planet: human Interaction. For example, let me pose a simple question, when was the last time you have a game night with your family, or any other time that was solely devoted to your nearest and dearest? Some will answer years while others, mere days. Twenty-first century based females tend to go to their own sections of the house with an electronic of their choice, whether that may be a Kindle, phone, Pod, Tablet, you name it, instead of hanging out with their family. Young children observe this and brand It as the norm. Well, why shouldn’t they? Aren’t we the ones at blame for this? The ones they look to in order to know how to interact, to act with others? Look at the older population, the elderly, in your community; they will smile at you through car windows while parked at red lights or ask you how you’re doing while o’er both standing In the grocery line at your local supermarket. Sadly, this seems to be a rare thing to stumble across these days in all of us young people. Back when I was a kid, If I wanted to play a game I would go find my brother and we would have to make one up ourselves. That’s right; we had to use our imaginations, just like our dear friend Sponge taught us to. But now, with Inventions such as the Leaped and Manitoba, instead of making up their own games, children have the ability to download over three hundred and twenty-five APS with a push of a button. Along with these APS, as if they weren’t already enough, the youngsters can record videos, take pictures with the two cameras available, listen to music, and access an internet made just for them. At their age, I had sidewalk chalk and a stinking Jump rope for crying out loud. Yet why would they choose such simple, ordinary things when they have hours of guaranteed entertainment right at their little fingertips, within those many APS? Snatching away. Ah yes, now I’ve remembered. You know all those outdoor toy commercials that make kids want to explore the great outside? Me neither. Outside: The brilliant archenemy of the indoors. It’s a place to be loud, rambunctious, and least of all quiet. In a nutshell, it’s a child’s heaven on Earth, or should be. But instead of actually going outdoors to play, kids tend to stay inside claiming it’s too hot, too cold, too windy, too†¦ Too anything really. So instead they sit on the couch watching mindless television shows while withering away into nothing more or less than lazy, couch potatoes. If the patterns keep up we may eventually all turn into mild forms of the characters in the beloved movie Wall-E: grotesquely fat, genealogy obsessed humans, who don’t know how to live without an electronic in one hand and a remote in another. This sickens and saddens me all at once. Now, am I declaring that all technology is bad and it should be banished from Earth never to be spoken of or seen again? That we should Just absentmindedly convert back to the ways our ancestors and live without modern conveniences? Of course I’m not! I’m merely asking you to take a step back and look at how much technology you use on a daily basis, even if it’s Just making a call on your cell phone r turning on the TV to unwind after a long day at work. I simply don’t want a world where the next generation becomes engulfed and overwhelmed by the sheer amount of technology being shoved down their throats as soon as they are able to walk and talk. The relationships we construct with others should be cherished and preserved by interacting with each other face-to-face every rather than Just testing each other. I’m asking you to get off the couch and be social. Go to Struck with a few friends, go shopping with them, or maybe even volunteer and meet new people. Find the balance in your life; don’t let technology control it. The same goes for your children, sure you can give them a Nintendo or a Tablet, but remember to shoo them outside every once in a while to play. A child’s imagination or anyone’s really, can’t be replaced with APS and computers, it’s Just impossible. They can be compressed, though, if they don’t have a chance to grow. A close friend once told me, â€Å"We are living in the era of smart phones and dumb people,† and if you think about it enough, we are. We really, truly are. How to cite An Era of Smart Phones and Dumb People, Papers

Advances in Systems and Measurements †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Advances in Systems and Measurements. Answer: Introduction The report focusses on how Westpac is able to balance with the different accounting data and the formats related to the payroll and the inventory. (Westpac, 2017). Here, the functionality is based on working over the secured networks with proper solutions of data feeding in the business. The small business customers with the broad range of the financial services are working with the AIS, where the operations are for the product teams, and the transactional banking. Westpac focus on the operations that are in Australia, New Zealand, US etc. Here, there are funds management operations which include the distribution of the investments and the product retirement as well. This works with the solutions that covers the manufacturing and the proper distribution of life that includes the lenders of the mortgage insurance. The Westpac includes how the inefficiency and the errors need to be evaluated with the proper meeting of the demands and the other accounting forms. The proper access is all owed with the third-party package software that could be accessed at any time with the internet enabled functions with the complexity and the costs. The proper access is through the business systems which includes the handling of the security of the data, where Xero and MYOB is able to handle the transactions. All the small business customers work on allowing the customers of the bank to use the ATM card or the check card, but to make sure of not sharing their personal details. (Zaheer, 2015). It has been that Westpac is working on operations with the financial services that are being offered through the electronic banking, deposits and the loans. It includes the international trading facilities to handle the personal and the business customers. The bank also focuses on the product development with the easy delivery of the services to the customer, with handling the responsibilities based on the customer segments for the better leadership. The structure also includes how the customer bases with the retail banking is able to work towards the different procedures of banking. The investments with the insurance includes the support services which include the third-party functions from the brokers and the agents. Westpac also works on the changing organizations with the funding mining company Bathrust with gaining the resources to mine the coal. The effects are based on the assessment of the sustainability development. There is a possibility that Westpac has to handle the different issues related to the ATM card not working or the overcharging that is being done to the customers other of Australia. Hence, for this, there is a need to keep a check on all the cashless transactions so that the customers do not have to face issues which will deplete the usage of the electronic services as well. (Adenike et al., 2016). Here, the errors also include the online platforms with customers who tend to drive away. ERP Systems It includes the Integrated Banking Service that will also be able to offer a proper support and the automation, security and the management of the files, then transferring the files in between the organizations. The host-to-host communication will also help in enabling the financial application systems with sending the payment instructions and receiving the reports and the account information to properly handle the bank reconciliation process. (Westpac, 2017). The ERP will help in the saving of time and the money with the automation of the payment process. It will also work on the improvement of the business efficiency and the increased accuracy is for the processing in the payment along with mitigating the fraud risks and by properly encrypting and then transmitting the payables and the receivables data. The gain is for the greater visibility of the accounts with the increased control to handle the reports and the automation reconciliation. The positions and the preparation of the b usiness is set through the standardized message formats. This includes the working on how the sales and the other vendors are able to manage with the reviewing of RFQ and the preparation of proper quote so that there is a timely delivery of the orders. Along with this, the preparation of the invoice and then receiving of the payments is done through the forms where there is a proper approval to work on reviewing the quotes. (Tan, 2016). The preparation is based on working over the system evaluation with the proceedings set for the shipping officers. There are other standards which include how the standards and the other functioning processes need to be evaluated based on the Xero system. The functionalities and the possibilities of the data are based on evaluating the linkages for the system setup. (Westpac, 2017). The employees ID and the data deletion is considered to be a major issue where there are some people who try to connect their bank accounts to the name of the employees who have left the company. The issues are related to how the users work on accessing and making use of the different system network connections (Olayinka et al, 2016). The floating of the money and handling the account ID is through working over the systems with the user sets that are for the lower patterns. Here, the issues are also related to the use of the storage systems and the working that is done through proper designing of the software. It is important to balance and work towards the performance standards which needs to evaluate the unbalanced errors.(Smith, 2017). The best and the major solution to the system is to work on handling the system files with the possibility where the user works to maintain the system privacy. The possibility is set for the monthly updates with setting and data deletion of the files, that are seen to be irrelevant. AIS Package The AIS is based on the system of the IBM with the focus towards the handling of the system dynamics. With this, there is an easy report generation for this which includes the different types of the regulatory frameworks as well as the tax agencies. The working is based on the inventory orders with the real time applications that include the sales that could be made through the invoice customers and the processing of the efficiency with the reduction in the fraud risks. (Lim et al., 2014). The integration with ERP system includes SAP and Oracle where there are standards for the institutional bank to access the innovative online portal Quick Service that will help in the easy flow of the cash and the management. (Hansnata, 2016). It will lead to the enhancement of the visibility with the control to the applications based on the formats and the increased Straight Processing and reconciliation with ERP and the back-office applications. Here, the structural standards also include the acc ounting applications which work towards the management of the processor system and meeting the MYOB which includes how the company is able to acquire and then meet the larger number of the organizational structures. The standards are set with the reduced forms of the paperwork. (Yigitbasioglu, 2015). For this, the check is on how AIS is able to improve the software requirements with the setup on how the investors and the creditors are able to proceed towards the booking and the accounting system technology. Here, ERP works on the check with the basis to improve the accounting systems and the software packages. The architectural dimensions are based on processing the data with the focus on collection and working on the proper information storage. The information also depends on the working where the clerk can also enter the details of the different marketing structures and the invoice. (Westpac, 2017). The costs are determined through the different ledgers and the generation of handling different accounts. Westpac is working on the corporate customers with the ability to handle the payments and work for the handling of the different transactions. Here, Xero also focus on the marketing standards which includes how the sectors are able to maintain the system programming with the accounting software. The consistency is based on how Westpac is able to administer to the different uses of the reliable standards and handling the consistency of the system. (Olayinka et al, 2016). There are issues related to the working and handling the security of the system. For this, the check is on how to work towards enabling the users with the hold to work for the third party vendors. It includes the handling the of the market with the fast time access with proper check on the system functioning as well as the other individual forms. There are other issues for the industry standards where there is a increased risk related to the vendor business failure or the smaller development team. This will also include the reduced availability of the support and reducing the cost of implementation as well. (Smith, 2017). Hence, for this, the evaluation of the training time and the costs need to be done for proper implementation. Recommendations The Westpac should work on the cloud computing patterns where there is an easy processing and handling of the encryption that could be done. Hence, for this, the major focus is on development of the structure of the system. Along with this, the challenge is to acknowledge and work on the desktop factors with the cryptography standards related to the associated software. The measures are also related to work on the security factors along with working over the reports that are mainly to deal with the consolidation programs with the proper evaluation of the system requirements. Here, the competitive edge is important for improving the efficiency and then working on the needs with risks management and the governance techniques. Conclusion The check is maintaining the documentation with the proper check on how ERP will be able to work on the system standards with the retrieval of the records that are for the internal and the external sources. The online order for the customers and the procedures are acknowledged to work on the different functioning of the system. (Dunbar et al, 2016). The storage of the information, and then retrieving the records are mainly to handle the sources of the internal and the external frames, where all the customer online orders and the procedures are for storing the information to work with the different users and the information. The accounting information is based on including the financial patterns, with the related activities that are for the management with the focus on the measurement, analysis and the records that are for the bookkeeping processes with the double entry that is considered to be important. The accordance is set to hold and work on the financial statements which relates to work on the system standards. The general accounting functions with the management of the information systems could easily be integrated to take hold of the robust databases and plan for the ERP software in an effective manner. References Adenike, A.T. and Michael, A.A., 2016. Effect of Accounting Information System Adoption on Accounting Activities in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria. Dunbar, K., Laing, G. and Wynder, M., 2016. A content analysis of accounting job advertisements: Skill requirements for graduates.The E-Journal of Business Education Scholarship of Teaching,10(1), p.58. Hansnata, M., 2016. The impact of digital innovation on the social structure of professional public accounting practice in Australia. Lim, N. and Perrin, B., 2014. Standard Business Reporting in Australia: Past, Present, and Future.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,18(3). Olayinka, O., Wynn, M.G. and Bechkoum, K., 2016, May. Process Analysis and e-Business Adoption in Nigerian SBEs: A Report on Case Study Research. IneKNOW 2016, The Eighth International Conference on Information, Process, and Knowledge Management(pp. 57-63). ThinkMind. Olayinka, O., Wynn, M.G. and Bechkoum, K., 2016. E-business adoption in Nigerian Small Business Enterprises.International Journal On Advances in Systems and Measurements,9(3/4), pp.230-241. Smith, H., 2017.Xero for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Tan, L.M., 2016. Professional skills required of accountants: What do Australian and New Zealand job advertisements tell us?. Westpac.com.au., 2017.Annual reports | Westpac. [online] Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/investor-centre/financial-information/annual-reports/ Yigitbasioglu, O.M., 2015. External auditors' perceptions of cloud computing adoption in Australia.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,18, pp.46-62. Zaheer, H., 2015. How do innovative digital start-ups achieve success?: perspectives of Australian founders.

The Business Environment Assignment Essay Example

The Business Environment Assignment Paper The Business Environment Assignment Learning Outcomes – on completion of this unit you should; 1 . Know the range of different businesses and their ownership 2. Understand how businesses are organized to achieve their purpose 3. Know the impact of the economic environment on businesses 4. Know how political, legal and social factors impact on business Task 1 – submission Date 27/09/2012 You are working as a business journalist for the Express and Star newspaper which is planning to run a monthly feature article on local businesses. Produce an article on TV’0 contrasting businesses which operate in the local area, covering purpose, ownership, organizational structure and strategic planning. Business Type You need to highlight what category the business comes under and provide some facts and figures to support your claim. The options available include; Local, National, International, Global, Public, Private, Not-for-profit, Voluntary, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Purpose Why does the business exist? Does the business have a mission statement? How was the business started? How has it grown? What is the businesses core activity? Does the business have any secondary activities? Ownership Identify the following; public or private sector or charity Type of private sector ownership; sole trader, partnership, private limited company, public limited company, franchise, cooperative. What are the liabilities of the owners? Explain how the type of ownership is suited to each business This task covers Pl – Desc ribe the type of business, purpose and ownership of each business Task 2 – Submission date – 11/1 0/2012 (PA) 25/10/2012 (MI) 25/10/2012 (Del) Your next months feature for the Express and Star is to write a report on the stakeholders who influence the purpose of two businesses, which operate in the local area For PA in your article you should: 1. Define the term stakeholder 2. We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Environment Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Environment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Environment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Identify the main stakeholders for each business 3. Explain what each stakeholder is hoping to achieve and how they try to influence the activities of the organization For MI 1 . Explain the point of view of each stakeholder, how does this compare to the aims and objectives of the organization? 2. Highlight how there could be inflicts of interest or interdependencies be;en stakeholders For Del – Using one organization only 1 . Who are the most powerful stakeholders in that organization and why? 2. Use evidence of independent research to back up your arguments to show how those stakeholders have influenced the organization. This task covers; PA – Describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose Of two contrasting businesses MI -Explain the points of view of different stakeholders seeking to influence the aims and objectives of two contrasting organizations Del – Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in one organization Task 3 – submission date – 24/1 0/2012 (PA) 1 5/11/2012 (PA) The Express and Star are very pleased with your work for them so far, for next month the feature is an article on how two businesses which operate in the local area are organized. For PA -? Your article should include: An organizational chart for each business which highlights the span of control and chain of command An outline some of the activities carried out in each functional area, highlighting roles and responsibilities How are strategic plans re made in each business Tip For a medium to large business use research to find an example of their organizational structure and make your own comments on how the business is organized. For a small business draw your own organizational structure outline possible job roles based on your knowledge of the business For PA your article should include: An outline the main values, aims and objectives Of each business including SMART objectives An explanation of how the organizational structure and strategic planning help the business achieve their purpose and aims Tip – For a small business which does not have a written mission statement or aims and SMART objectives written down, you can write your own based on your knowledge of the business PA – Describe how two businesses are organized PA – Explain how the style of the organization helps them to fulfill their purpose Task 4 – Submission date – 29/11/2012 (PA) 29/11/201 2 (MM) Your editor is very excit ed about this months feature, which is an article featuring two businesses, this time one in the local area and one abroad. You can choose the businesses and the location of the business overseas. You are to produce an article describing how economic factors affect each of the selected businesses. For AS 1 . Select 2 organizations; 1 local 1 overseas 2. Give an outline of the economic environment that each business is operating in (which can include, economy, government policy demand, supply, global interaction) 3. For each economy include at least 2 economic topics (e. G. Recession, credit crunch, unemployment, housing, oil prices, inflation, exchange rates, interest rates etc. ). 4. Describe how each economic topic you have outlined will influence each business For MM 1 . Compare the economic challenges faced by the businesses in the economic environments 2. Identify 3 business activities which have been adapted to suit their environment ( You can include any activities carried out by the functional areas of the business e. G. Recruitment) This task covers: PA – Describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organization MM – Compare the challenges to selected business activities within a selected organization, in two different economic environments Task 5 – submission date – 13/1 2/2012 (PA) 13/12/2012 (MM) 20/12/2012 (DO) Your editor was so pleased with last months feature that she wants to develop it for next month. Again, a local business is to be contrasted with a business overseas in terms of the influences of political, legal and social factors. For PA – Your article should: 1. Identify what is happening in the external environment in terms of the following factors; Describe the legal framework the businesses operate in terms of an outline of business law Describe the political framework the business operates in (E. G. Hangs in government, taxation, infrastructure, grants, education, support such as Business Link) Describe the social framework the business operates in (E. G. More people from overseas working in the LIKE, aging population, ethics, attitudes to work etc. ) 2. Describe how each of these external factors impacts on the business and its stakeholders For MM 1 . Analyses the political, legal and social challenges faced by the businesses in the two economic environments. 2. Identify 3 business activities which have been adapted to suit their environment ( You can include any activities carried UT by the functional areas of the business e. . Product development) 1 . Build on your work for MM and MM evaluate the responsiveness of each business to their different economic environments, consider (a) What are the likely new challenges? (b) What changes are taking place in society? (c) What are the forecasts for the economy? 2. Make justified recommendations for the future development Of business activities in the novo different business environments. PA – Describe how political, legal and social factors are impacting upon the business activities of the selected organizations and their stakeholders MM Analyses how political, legal and social factors have impacted on the two contrasting organizations DO – Evaluate how future changes in economic political, legal and social factors, may impact on the strategy of a specified organization Resources A good assignment will include information obtained from a variety of resources, including textbooks, journals, internet, along with business sections Of newspapers and magazines. It is important to reference your work carefully and include a list of sources of information when you hand in your work. The Business Environment Assignment Essay Example The Business Environment Assignment Paper The Business Environment Assignment Learning Outcomes – on completion of this unit you should; 1 . Know the range of different businesses and their ownership 2. Understand how businesses are organized to achieve their purpose 3. Know the impact of the economic environment on businesses 4. Know how political, legal and social factors impact on business Task 1 – submission Date 27/09/2012 You are working as a business journalist for the Express and Star newspaper which is planning to run a monthly feature article on local businesses. Produce an article on TV’0 contrasting businesses which operate in the local area, covering purpose, ownership, organizational structure and strategic planning. Business Type You need to highlight what category the business comes under and provide some facts and figures to support your claim. The options available include; Local, National, International, Global, Public, Private, Not-for-profit, Voluntary, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Purpose Why does the business exist? Does the business have a mission statement? How was the business started? How has it grown? What is the businesses core activity? Does the business have any secondary activities? Ownership Identify the following; public or private sector or charity Type of private sector ownership; sole trader, partnership, private limited company, public limited company, franchise, cooperative. What are the liabilities of the owners? Explain how the type of ownership is suited to each business This task covers Pl – Desc ribe the type of business, purpose and ownership of each business Task 2 – Submission date – 11/1 0/2012 (PA) 25/10/2012 (MI) 25/10/2012 (Del) Your next months feature for the Express and Star is to write a report on the stakeholders who influence the purpose of two businesses, which operate in the local area For PA in your article you should: 1. Define the term stakeholder 2. We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Environment Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Environment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Business Environment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Identify the main stakeholders for each business 3. Explain what each stakeholder is hoping to achieve and how they try to influence the activities of the organization For MI 1 . Explain the point of view of each stakeholder, how does this compare to the aims and objectives of the organization? 2. Highlight how there could be inflicts of interest or interdependencies be;en stakeholders For Del – Using one organization only 1 . Who are the most powerful stakeholders in that organization and why? 2. Use evidence of independent research to back up your arguments to show how those stakeholders have influenced the organization. This task covers; PA – Describe the different stakeholders who influence the purpose Of two contrasting businesses MI -Explain the points of view of different stakeholders seeking to influence the aims and objectives of two contrasting organizations Del – Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in one organization Task 3 – submission date – 24/1 0/2012 (PA) 1 5/11/2012 (PA) The Express and Star are very pleased with your work for them so far, for next month the feature is an article on how two businesses which operate in the local area are organized. For PA -? Your article should include: An organizational chart for each business which highlights the span of control and chain of command An outline some of the activities carried out in each functional area, highlighting roles and responsibilities How are strategic plans re made in each business Tip For a medium to large business use research to find an example of their organizational structure and make your own comments on how the business is organized. For a small business draw your own organizational structure outline possible job roles based on your knowledge of the business For PA your article should include: An outline the main values, aims and objectives Of each business including SMART objectives An explanation of how the organizational structure and strategic planning help the business achieve their purpose and aims Tip – For a small business which does not have a written mission statement or aims and SMART objectives written down, you can write your own based on your knowledge of the business PA – Describe how two businesses are organized PA – Explain how the style of the organization helps them to fulfill their purpose Task 4 – Submission date – 29/11/2012 (PA) 29/11/201 2 (MM) Your editor is very excit ed about this months feature, which is an article featuring two businesses, this time one in the local area and one abroad. You can choose the businesses and the location of the business overseas. You are to produce an article describing how economic factors affect each of the selected businesses. For AS 1 . Select 2 organizations; 1 local 1 overseas 2. Give an outline of the economic environment that each business is operating in (which can include, economy, government policy demand, supply, global interaction) 3. For each economy include at least 2 economic topics (e. G. Recession, credit crunch, unemployment, housing, oil prices, inflation, exchange rates, interest rates etc. ). 4. Describe how each economic topic you have outlined will influence each business For MM 1 . Compare the economic challenges faced by the businesses in the economic environments 2. Identify 3 business activities which have been adapted to suit their environment ( You can include any activities carried out by the functional areas of the business e. G. Recruitment) This task covers: PA – Describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organization MM – Compare the challenges to selected business activities within a selected organization, in two different economic environments Task 5 – submission date – 13/1 2/2012 (PA) 13/12/2012 (MM) 20/12/2012 (DO) Your editor was so pleased with last months feature that she wants to develop it for next month. Again, a local business is to be contrasted with a business overseas in terms of the influences of political, legal and social factors. For PA – Your article should: 1. Identify what is happening in the external environment in terms of the following factors; Describe the legal framework the businesses operate in terms of an outline of business law Describe the political framework the business operates in (E. G. Hangs in government, taxation, infrastructure, grants, education, support such as Business Link) Describe the social framework the business operates in (E. G. More people from overseas working in the LIKE, aging population, ethics, attitudes to work etc. ) 2. Describe how each of these external factors impacts on the business and its stakeholders For MM 1 . Analyses the political, legal and social challenges faced by the businesses in the two economic environments. 2. Identify 3 business activities which have been adapted to suit their environment ( You can include any activities carried UT by the functional areas of the business e. . Product development) 1 . Build on your work for MM and MM evaluate the responsiveness of each business to their different economic environments, consider (a) What are the likely new challenges? (b) What changes are taking place in society? (c) What are the forecasts for the economy? 2. Make justified recommendations for the future development Of business activities in the novo different business environments. PA – Describe how political, legal and social factors are impacting upon the business activities of the selected organizations and their stakeholders MM Analyses how political, legal and social factors have impacted on the two contrasting organizations DO – Evaluate how future changes in economic political, legal and social factors, may impact on the strategy of a specified organization Resources A good assignment will include information obtained from a variety of resources, including textbooks, journals, internet, along with business sections Of newspapers and magazines. It is important to reference your work carefully and include a list of sources of information when you hand in your work.

Top 10 Online Tools for Book Authors

Top 10 Online Tools for Book Authors Top 10 Online Tools for Book Authors Top 10 Online Tools for Book Authors By Ali Hale Writing and publishing a book is a huge (and wonderful) undertaking – and you’ll want all the help you can get. There are loads of great downloadable tools out there for book authors, like Scrivener (for writing), Calibre (for producing ebooks) and KDP Rocket (for finding good keywords to use on Amazon). But in this post, I want to focus on online tools – ones that you can use through your web browser. Here are ten of the best, for different stages of your author journey: Tools for Writing and Editing Your Manuscript I’ve already taken a look at some useful tools to help you focus and get your writing done in Top 10 Online Tools for Writers – so here, I want to focus on a couple of tools that will help you edit your book manuscript: #1: Visuwords (free) Do you ever struggle to find the right word? If a traditional thesaurus isn’t helping, try using Visuwords, which shows you the links between different words (including opposites, related topics, and words that derive from your original word). It might just help you find the perfect word or phrase when you’re struggling. The map above shows the word â€Å"anarchy† and related terms. Tip: By running your cursor over a word, you can view a definition – and you can double-click a word to see its related words on your map, too. #2: WordCounter (free), Steven Morgan Friedman It can be tricky to spot which words come up just a little too often in your own writing – but if you keep using the same ones again and again, readers will start to notice. That’s fine if you want to repeat a particular word for effect, but problematic if it’s unintentional. Once you’ve got your list of potentially over-used words, you can do a â€Å"Find† in your document to check each instance and see whether you want to vary it. Here’s a list from my novella-in-progress: (I’m happy with many of those – Flint, Jonathan, Corwin and Ruth are all character names, so it’s perfectly normal that they appear a lot. I suspect I’m using â€Å"go† and â€Å"just† a bit too often, though!) Wordcounter is quite bare-bones, and I found that while it ignores punctuation like commas and periods, it includes quotation marks and apostrophe, meaning that some words will get listed twice, and also occasionally lists some odd words (I apparently have 60 instances of the word â€Å"ey† in my novella, which I haven’t ever used!) Tip: There’s also a WordPress plugin version of the tool, which you might want to use if you’re writing blog posts – either to check for words that you overuse, or to check if you’ve included keywords as much as you wanted to. Tools for Publishing Your Book I’m going to assume here that you want to self-publish your book – so if you’re planning to seek an agent and publisher, you’ll want to skip this section. (However your book is published, though, you’ll find the â€Å"Tools for Marketing Your Book† list useful.) #3: Smashwords (free), Smashwords, Inc Smashwords is a tool for self-publishers to format and distribute their ebook(s) to readers through a variety of different platforms (such as through Apple’s iBooks stores and through the Kobo store.) They offer loads of advice on self-publishing, too, particularly through the Smart Author Podcast. You can also sell books through – and indeed buy books from – Smashwords itself. Most authors, though, use it primarily as an easy way to get their ebook into lots of different online stores. The one big exception is Amazon: you can’t easily get your book onto Amazon through Smashwords. That’s not too much of a problem, though, because Amazon’s own system (KDP – Kindle Direct Publishing) is straightforward and easy to work with. We’re going to cover that in a moment. It’s completely free to create an ebook through Smashwords, but Smashwords will take a small commission on each ebook you sell – and the stores you sell through will also take a cut. Tip: You need to format your manuscript carefully according to theSmashwords Style Guide. If you don’t, it’ll either be rejected, or you’ll find that it comes out looking a bit weird! #4: Amazon KDP (free), Amazon Amazon is the biggest ebook retailer there is and they make it pretty straightforward to add your own ebook to their vast catalogue. You can sign up for KDP using your existing Amazon account (or you can create a new Amazon account). The KDP dashboard allows you to publish (or update) your ebooks and to see reports on your ebook sales. While it’s free to use Amazon’s KDP to publish your work, Amazon will take a fairly hefty cut of everything you sell – paying you â€Å"royalties† out of your book’s cover price. If you price your ebook between $0.99 and $2.98, or above $9.99, you’ll get 35% royalties; if you price between $2.99 and $9.99, you’ll get 70% royalties. (You can’t price an ebook lower than $0.99.) Tip: Before Amazon can pay you, you’ll need to enter your tax information. You don’t need to have this to hand to start selling your ebook(s), though. #5: CreateSpace (free), Amazon While it’s possible to publish a paperback version of your ebook through KDP, CreateSpace is a more established option. (KDP’s paperback publishing is becoming better all the time, though, and you might want to check out this article by Dave Chesson for a side-by-side comparison of KDP Paperback and Createspace.) As with KDP, you can use your existing Amazon details for CreateSpace. You don’t need to pay anything upfront to publish a book through CreateSpace – but you’ll find that the printing costs eat up a fair percentage of the cover price. The paperback version of my novel Lycopolis, for instance, is priced at $12.99 in the US; I get a royalty of $3.32 on each copy sold. Tip: Although CreateSpace offers a â€Å"cover creator† so you can design your own ebook cover, it’s not the greatest tool to work with. If you just want to publish a print version for your personal use, or perhaps to give to a few friends, it’ll do – but I’d avoid using it for a professional-looking book. Tools for Marketing Your Book Once your book is up for sale, the hard work really begins! Marketing a book, whether fiction or non-fiction, is a huge task but these online tools can give you a helping hand. #6: A-FWD (â€Å"Link Globalizer for Amazon Affiliates And Authors†), Woboq If you haven’t already signed up to Amazon’s Affiliate scheme, I highly recommend doing so. You can earn a little extra on books you sell via your affiliate links (and you’ll be able to track how many sales you’re making through your own website, tweets, etc – as opposed to sales you’re getting through other channels). Unless your book is very specific to a particular country, you’ll probably be selling it worldwide, on different versions of Amazon’s site. Ideally, you want potential new readers to land on their version of Amazon. That means using a special link that can direct readers based on their location. And that’s where A-FWD comes in. Just paste in your affiliate link – the full version, not the short one – from your local Amazon, and you’ll get a single link that should direct readers to their Amazon (regardless of whether you have an affiliate account there or not). Tip: If you have affiliate accounts for more than one version of Amazon, make sure you paste those in under â€Å"Tracking IDs† (or you may find that your affiliate sales don’t get counted). #7: WordPress (free), WordPress Foundation At some stage in your author journey, you’re going to want to have a website or a blog. WordPress is a great way to build either. You can opt for WordPress.com aka â€Å"hosted WordPress† (which is easier and cheaper to get started with, but more limited) or WordPress.org aka â€Å"self-hosted WordPress† (which offers lots of flexibility and full control, but has a slightly steeper learning curve and means paying for a domain and hosting up-front). There’s a handy summary of the differences on the WPBeginner.com blog. Keep in mind that you don’t have to blog as an author – you might simply want to use WordPress to create a straightforward websites that showcases your books. Tip: You can set up a completely free blog using WordPress.com, so if you’re feeling a bit daunted by the idea of blogging (or having a website), why not create a â€Å"practice† one so you can try it out? #8: MailChimp, The Rocket Science Group If you read any blogs aimed at book authors, one key piece of advice you’ll come across is to â€Å"create a mailing list†. This allows you to email interested readers who’ve signed up to receive updates from you. You might think you could simply email readers through your regular email account – but this is a really bad idea. First, it means collating email addresses manually, which is an administrative headache. Second, and most importantly, it could easily see you falling foul of laws like CAN-SPAM (in the US) and GDPR (in the UK). There are plenty of online tools, though, that you can use to create an email list: readers can sign up and get added to the list at any time of the day or night, and you can create nicely formatted emails to send them. I’ve chosen MailChimp here as it’s free up to the 2,000 subscriber point but there are plenty of other good options, like Aweber and Constant Contact. Tip: Email marketing, like blogging, can seem very daunting at first. Do give it a try: you can always set up a small mailing list with just yourself (and maybe a couple of willing family members or friends) on it, so you can test out your emails before sending them to readers. #9: Canva (free), Canva You can use Canva to create almost anything that involves images and graphics – from book covers to posters, leaflets, and designs for Facebook, Instagram and other social networks. If you’re not yet at the stage of your author career where you can afford a professional designer, Canva could be a great option for you. There are lots of premade templates that you can use and thousands upon thousands of images – creating the perfect Facebook cover or business card could be just a few clicks away. Note that not but all images are free: you’ll need to pay $1 in order to use some of them. Plus, some of Canva’s features (like being able to use your previous designs as a template) are only available at the premium, paid-for level. Tip: While Canva is a great way to create promotional materials, it’s still a very good idea to go with a professional designer for your book cover itself (unless you’re an artist/designer and know what you’re doing). #10: NovelRank (free), NovelRank LLC NovelRank lets you track your sales across different Amazon sites (.com, co.uk, .fr, etc). It tells you where your book ranks in the charts, estimates sales made, and more. It’s free to use at the basic level – in fact, you don’t even need to create an account if you only want to track one book. Note that NovelRank can only show your sales from the point at which you set it up, as Amazon doesn’t provide historical data. Tip: As well as NovelRank, there are plenty of other tools that offer similar services, like BookCore (which is more basic, but works across multiple platforms). #11: DesignWizard (free with paid features) DesignWizard is another tool you can use to create the graphical assets of your book, including its cover and related marketing material. You will find that it offers virtually all the features of competing solutions while charging a lower price for the premium plans, so it is worth to check it out. I hope you’ll find the above tools helpful in your own journey to publication. Don’t feel that you have to use or even try all of them: pick and choose based on what you need right now, and take things step by step. Best of luck with your book! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words"Certified" and "Certificated"How often is "bimonthly"?

Quality Management Tools & Techniques Assignment - 3

Quality Management Tools & Techniques - Assignment Example Three design specifications are to be maintained in development of the process. The first two design specifications are measurement of distance between two parts of the process while the third specification is power in form of current. Measurement of the distance is in millimeters, where the first one, A, must be 11.5 +/- 1.0mm while the second one, B, must be 8.5 +/- 2.0mm. Finally, current, C must not exceed a maximum threshold of 2.5 amps. In order to appraise the processes technical capabilities, a histogram for the three variables will be plotted and resultant patterns used in selecting optimal set of conditions. Process testing is an essential step in development of manufacturing processes. Engineers and process owners cannot commission manufacturing processes before validating their level of compatibility with pre-determined standards. In this regard, one reason for carrying out process testing involves the need to detect errors. New processes may have technical errors which may lead to increased cost of operation. For example, the process in subject may need current exceeding the technical limit of 2.5 amps. However, optimal operation of the hard drive production process needs a maximum current of 2.5 amps, above that threshold compromise on the power efficiency of the entire production setup. In this case, testing facilitate early detection of errors which would hinder optimal performance later. Apart from errors, testing is also necessary as a means of appraising safety standards. Douglas (2008) mentioned that employees involved in operating the disk drive machine must be certain of the ir safety aspects. Conventionally, every industrial process must conform to some specified safety standards. Therefore, testing will facilitate quantification of the process’ integrity. Detection of any deviation from conformance limits warrants use of appropriate corrective measures. Normally, most processes fail to undergo thorough testing because of

Tuberculosis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Tuberculosis - Term Paper Example According to the World Health Organization (WHO) approximates, nearly ten million new patients get TB annually, and that around 2 million people died from TB worldwide during 2010. Nonetheless, if TB is identified near the beginning and properly treated, people with the disease soon become non-infectious and are finally cured. Poor cure has caused outbreak of mycobacterium TB strains that do not respond to treatment with regular first line combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs, causing the â€Å"emergence of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis in almost every country† (Bynum, 2012). Tuberculosis is a matter of universal apprehension and a key focus for prevention and control attempts for CDC along with its collaborators throughout the world. The universal program to end TB (2011 - 2015) has marked the objective of 50 percent drop in TB pervasiveness and casualty rates by 2015, in comparison with 1990 levels. CDC chips in to the accomplishment of these objectives by working to enhance the level of TB control plans globally in countries nations with an increased stress of TB and those that add considerably to TB stress within the United States. CDC offers significant scientific sustenance to global collaborators for epidemiology as well as inspection, together with assistance for drug-resistant TB; laboratory support; medical and operational research that assesses hopeful analytics, cure and avoidance approaches. CDC is presently involved with activities to endorse the up-gradation of the â€Å"three is intensified case finding, isoniazid preventive therapy, and infection control† (Connolly, 2008) and early start of ART for individuals residing with HIV in lesser resource nations with TB/HIV syndemics. CDC’s global TB management activities are largely carried out in high-burden nations and nations of origin for foreign-born US TB cases, collaborating with MOHs and other collaborators to make sturdy national TB programs. CDC has a vital part in

Procedures or Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Procedures or Methods - Research Paper Example The researcher requires a platform for explaining reasons behind the collected data. The researcher has to develop guidelines that help collect the reasons behind the results during the research process. This involves the formulation of causal explanations that justify the collected information. Beneficial ways of identifying and carrying out a research depend on the researcher’s intimate understanding of the issue to be studied. This is enhanced during the design process where the researcher gets some background information on the issue. The NCLB law was enacted to give children with disabilities equal education opportunities with their counterparts without disabilities (Baker, 2010). The research design process begins with identifying the aim of the research. In this case, the researcher would be interested in finding out the benefits of NCLB and how the children have benefited so far. Some scholars consider NCLB law to contradict with the initial IDEA law that protects indi viduals with disabilities (Baker, 2010). The researcher may include the effects of the two laws in protecting people with disabilities. The teachers and state education heads have developed educational interventions in order to comply with NCLB requirements and meet the required student performance. The results and failures of the strategies can be included in the aims of the research. The second step is to formulate the research questions that completely address the aims of the research (Bynner and Stribley, 2010). These questions shed light on the benefits of NCLB and the effects it has created in the education system. The research questions are: Where would Special Needs children be educationally without No Child Left Behind? What impact has NCLB created among children with disabilities? What strategies have been formulated by the education board and what effects have they introduced in the curriculum? What issues make the implementation of NCLB difficult and what are the resourc es involved in the implementation process? The third step is to design the research paradigm or theoretical framework. The framework provides a guiding structure and range of tool that will help the researcher answer the research questions. This research would require a positivistic method of collecting data like interviewing students with disabilities, parents, teachers, and curriculum developers (Mitchell and Jolley, 2012). Questionnaires would also be helpful in collecting quantitative data on the subject. The questionnaires would be distributed to various schools within the state. They would have sections to be filled by students, teachers and their parents. These would increase the sampling area by minimizing the effort used when conducting interviews. The students would provide data on the effects of NCLB on their education process. The teachers would provide information regarding the effects of the law on the curriculum and the cumulative effects on the education process for students. Parents would also provide information regarding student performance and perceived benefits introduced by the law. The curriculum developers or education officials in the state offices would provide information regarding the effects of the law on curriculum development and the challenges faced when implementing the guidelines. The questionnaires would also involve questions dealing with the benefits of NCLB on the students, the impact in the education

Educational Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Educational Philosophy Essay Human nature is the product of ones environment. Change the environment to change the behavior. Reinforce good behavior, punish bad behavior Conservation of cultural heritage preserves the wisdom of the achievements of humankind. Behavior evolves within the conditioning influence of the institutional system, tradition is the repository of a collective social intelligence. Constructivism is an educational methodology which asserts that learners should be taught in a way that allows them to construct their own understandings about a subject. The purpose of the teacher is not to cover material but to help the child uncover the facts and ideas in a subject area. Essentialists believe that children should learn traditional basic subjects. (Reading, Writing, Literature, Foreign Languages, History, Math, Science, Art, and Music. ) Generally teaches children progressively, from less complex skills to more complex. Schools should transmit the traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens. Focus is on basic skills. Existentialism rejects the existence of any source of objective, authoritative truth about metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Do not accept any predetermined creed or philosophical system and from that try to define who we are. Aim for the progressing of humanity. Use independent thinking. It engages the student in central questions of defiming life and who we are. Answers imposed from the outside may not be real answers. The only real answers are the ones that come from inside each person, that are authentically his or her own. For the existentialist, there exists no universal form of human nature; each of us has the free will to develop as we see fit. â€Å"Stimulate learners to achieve a more vital and fuller identification with the Absolute Mind or the Macrocosm Students come into a gradually expanding mental awareness that leads to self-definition based on a comprehensive understanding or perspective of the universe. † (Gutek, p21) Liberalism focuses on the individual. Ideas come from experience. Sensation and reflection create learning. Behavior Modification Conserve/preserve heritage. Constructivism Essentialism Willaim C. Bagley Arthur Bestor Existentialism Idealism Plato Liberalism John Locke Marxism Karl Marx Marxism promotes socialism, as opposed to capitalism where one class oppresses another. Education is use d to change society. Naturalism Rousseau The child should develop in the natural way s/he is designed, guiding the process Perennialism Perennialism Robert M. Hutchins Perennialists believe that one should teach the things of everlasting importance to all people everywhere. They believe that the most important topics develop a person. Philosophy is improtant to study. Studens should learn principles, not facts, teach scientific reasoning, not facts. Teach first about humans, not machines or techniques.. Perennialism focuses first on personal development. Prepared for ED828 Educational Philosophies and Change Jean Marrapodi †¢ Capella University †¢ September 2003 Construct new ideas Back to the Basics What is real? Striving for the ideal Blank slate of individual experience All for all Natural development of the child Like perennial flowers, great principles repeat Educational Philosophies. Philosophy Pragmatism Philosophers Beliefs Key Thought John Dewey Scientific problem solving, experiential learning Progressivism William Kilpatrick Realism Aristotle â€Å"Ideas were to be judged by their consequences when acted on; truth was a warranted assertion, a tentative statement based on the application of hypotheses to solving problems; logic, following the scientific method was experimental; values were experienced within the context of ethical and aesthetic problems and issues charged by the unique features of particular situations. † Gutek, p 77. Progressivists believe that education must be based on the fact that humans are social animals who learn best in real-life activities with other people. Teachers provide not just reading and drill, but also real-world experiences and activities that center around the real life of the students. Discovery follows the scientific method: 1. Become aware of the problem. 2. Define the problem. 3. Propose hypotheses to solve it. 4. Test the consequences of the hypotheses from ones past experience. 5. Test the most likely solution. â€Å"Cultivate human rationality, the human’s highest power, through the study of organized bodies of knowledge†¦encourage human beings to define themselves by framing their choices rationally, to realize themselves by exercising their potentiality for excellence to the fullest, and to integrate themselves by ordering the various roles and claims of life according to a rational an hierarchical order. † Gutek, p 41 Education should examine, define the problems and change the social structure of society. Rebuilding Society George S. Counts Social Reconstructionism. Learn by Doing! Rationally real Theistic Realism Thomas Aquinas Similar to realism, but God is central God in the core Totalitarianism Adolph Hitler Totalitarianism is a political system in which a citizen is totally subject to state authority in all aspects of day-to-day life. Government controls education. Total dependence on government Utopianism Robert Owen A perfect society can be achieved through the education of the young. Perfect society through education Prepared for ED828 Educational Philosophies and Change Jean Marrapodi †¢ Capella University †¢ September 2003.

Who is Responsible for Military Robots’ Lethal Actions? Essay

I) Introduction Robotic technology has enabled the US military to use autonomous robots (or unmanned systems, UMS) in modern warfare. In the war with Iraq, the US military sent 12000 ground robots at the end of 2008 (P. W. Singer). One of the most popular robots used in Iraq is the iRobot Packbot, an unmanned ground vehicle, which is capable of detecting and destroying improvised explosive devices. Exploiting robots in warfare can save lives of many human soldiers. Moreover, robots are faster, have longer endurance, high precision and immunity to chemical and biological weapons (Ronald Arkin).In the National Defense Act of 2001 the U.S. Congress, obviously impressed by the potential of robots saving lives on the battlefield, established the requirement for one-third of the ground vehicles and one-third of the deep-strike aircraft in the military to be robotic within the decade. Consequently, in the â€Å"Fiscal Year 2009-2034 Unmanned Systems Integrated Roadmap† of the office of the secretary of defense showed the four categories that will be focused on are reconnaissance and surveillance, target identification and designation, counter-mine and explosive ordnance disposal, and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear detection (Stew Magnuson). As for now, most of the robot soldiers in the field are not fully autonomy. They are controlled by human soldier operators. However, the pressure of wars and the superior advantage of robots which can make decisions on their own will shift the interest in developing autonomous robots. In battle field, the time to decide whether or not to take action is too short that it would be impractical that a robot must send a signal to an operator and wait for the permission to fire (Ronald Arkin)... ...gner, A.R., and Duncan, B., â€Å"Responsibility and Lethality for Unmanned Systems: Ethical Pre-Mission Responsibility Advisement†. GVU Technical Report GIT-GVU-09-01, GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. Asaro, P. M., â€Å"Robots and Responsibility from a Legal Perspective†. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Roma, Italy. April 2007. Magnuson, S., â€Å" Robo Ethics†. National Defense (Volume 94, Issue 672, Nov 2009), 28-29. Singer, P. W., â€Å"Military Robots and the Laws of War†. New Atlantic: A Journal of Technology & Society (Volume 23, Winter 2009), 25-45. Sparrow, R., â€Å"Building a Better WarBot: Ethical Issues in the Design of Unmanned Systems for Military Applications†. Science and Engineering Ethics (Volume 15, Number 2 / June, 2009), 169-187. Sparrow, R., â€Å"Killer Robots†. Journal of Applied Philosophy , Vol. 24, No. 1, 2006.

Juvenile Justice: Incarceration vs. Intervention Essay

Abstract The national trend towards getting tough on juvenile crime by altering the juvenile justice system to more closely mirror the adult system was examined in order to determine whether secure confinement of juvenile offenders is as effective as community-based rehabilitative and treatment programs for these youth. Politicians and public perceptions have allowed the juvenile justice system to evolve from one of reform based thinking to one of punishment based thinking, placing more young offenders in secure facilities than ever before. The social repercussions of secure confinement of juveniles, without the use of proper rehabilitative tools, including education and life-building skills, are evident as youth are being ‘set aside’ rather than being encouraged to become productive members of their communities.  Not a day goes by where our national media doesn’t report on stories involving heinous and criminal acts committed by juveniles in the United States. Juvenile delinquency is a fact of life – ranging from minor status offenses to unimaginable acts of violence. When dealing with young offenders, there are always difficult decisions to make concerning appropriate punishments that take both public safety and the needs of the juvenile into account. In response to a recognizable increase in youth crime, getting tough on juvenile delinquency and holding young offenders more accountable has been the national trend in the past two decades  (Brinks, 2004). Many argue that removing juveniles from the environment in which their crimes were committed is the most successful deterrent of future negative behavior. But what does secure confinement provide these troubled juveniles aside from isolation from the negative influences they may be subjected to on the outside? Should young offenders be incarcerated for their crimes as they would be as adults, or is it possible to ‘rehabilitate’ a juvenile delinquent without the use of detent ion or incarceration? Of course, juvenile offenders must be held accountable for their offenses – it is an essential element in the natural process of learning and maturation. However, the immaturity that is seen in children and adolescents is an indicator that these behaviors will not be well deterred by harsh punitive action, but rather be better served by rehabilitative attempts. The fact that young offenders tend to outgrow their nonconformity is even more of a reason to believe that a castigatory approach to these juveniles will not be successful in reaching deterrent or rehabilitative goals (Young & Gainsborough, 2000). Because of these matters, community programs and intense intervention are more effective than secure confinement when it comes to juvenile delinquency rehabilitation. In order to explore the effectiveness of treatment and intervention versus incarceration of juveniles, it is helpful to look at the original intentions of the juvenile justice system and how the system has since evolved. The question of rehabilitation versus incarceration of juvenile delinquents came to a head in the late 1800s, resulting in the creation of the first juv enile court system in the United States. Prior to this time, institutionalized children were held along with adults, and no efforts were being made to teach them the necessary skills they required to make positive contributions to society. After centuries of treating very young children as property, and those over the age of five or six as simply little adults when it came to criminal misconduct, it was finally recognized, and widely accepted, that the developmental differences between juveniles and adults provided an increased opportunity for the successful rehabilitation of juveniles outside of secure confinement. The early years of the juvenile justice system focused on recovering the lives of the juvenile offenders before they were completely immersed in a life of criminal activity. The states took on the role of ‘parents’ or â€Å"parens patriae† (state as guardian) and undertook the  parenting responsibility until the juveniles showed improved behaviors, or became adults. Juveniles were no longer tried as adult offenders, and reform houses, rather than prisons, were used to emphasize behavior reform rather than punishment (Brinks, 2004). The juvenile justice system’s focus on reform continued throughout much of the 20th century. Changes began emerging in the juvenile court system in the mid 1900s. During this time, the main objective of juvenile justice remained focused on reformation rather than criminal punishment, however, principles which were not previously in place, were being established by the Supreme Court, requiring juvenile courts to guarantee specific constitutional protections to young offenders. These protections included the right to be represented by an attorney, the right against self-incrimination and the right to hear the testimony against them (Ramsey & Abrams, 2004, p. 42). Although these rights are in line with constitutional rights afforded adults, many within the juvenile justice system were concerned that the court’s reformative techniques would be lessened if the same constitutional rights were applied to children as to adults. Justice Potter Stewart expressed concern that the court’s decision would â€Å"convert a juvenile proceeding into a criminal prosecution† (â€Å"History of America’s,† 2008). While constitutional rights must now be afforded to everyone, this was the first of many changes which began to alter the historical intent of the juvenile justice system. Until 1980, other changes in the juvenile justice system seemed to consistently refer back to the main objective of its creation. The Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act of 1968 encouraged states to establish programs geared towards the prevention and rehabilitation of juvenile delinquency at the community level. These programs, once approved, were eligible to receive federal funding. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 built upon the 1968 act and increased nationwide rehabilitative efforts for juvenile offenders. If states wished to receive funding under this act, they were required to remove all juveniles within their jurisdictions from secure confinement facilities and separate them from convicted adults, building on the be lief of writer Morrison Swift who commented on jailing young offenders with adults, â€Å"young and impressionable offenders were being carried off to Rutland with more hardened men, there to receive an education in lawlessness from their experienced associates†Ã‚  (Swift, 1911). Despite these steps towards delinquency prevention, or perhaps because of them, public perception towards an increase in juvenile crime in the 1980s caused radically different changes to begin to take place within the juvenile justice system. In the past two decades, the U.S. has gravitated towards a â€Å"get tough† approach with juvenile delinquents. In the mid 1980s and early 1990s, the U.S. saw a steep rise in violent juvenile crime, a predictable increase in the juvenile population, and many high profile occurrences of youth crime such as public school shootings in Paducah, KY and Columbine High School in Littleton, CO. In 1996, Janet Reno, U.S. Attorney General stated, â€Å"no corner of America is safe from increasing levels of criminal violence, including violence committed by and against juveniles† (Zavlek, 2005). American’s feared that they were under assault by a generation of adolescent time-bombs and that â€Å"only the abandonment of soft education al and rehabilitative approaches, in favor of strict and unrelenting discipline – a zero tolerance approach† could effectively address the issues (Browne, 2003, p. 10). In reaction to these public fears, legislatures resolved to crack-down on juvenile crime, even though by the mid 1990s, juvenile arrest rates for violent offenses were as low as they had been 20 years earlier. State and local laws imposing harsher punishments on juvenile offenders were enacted, and in turn, more youth were brought into the court system for longer amounts of time (McCord, Widom & Crowell, 2001). This led to an extremely large population of young offenders being held, to this day, in secure confinement facilities. Secure juvenile detention facilities have become the most accepted form of punishment for youthful offenders. Although there was a 66% increase in the juvenile arrest rate during the late 1980s and early 1990s, from 139 arrests per 100,000 youth in 1986 to 231 arrests per 100,000 in 1993, there was an even larger, 74% increase in the number of youth confined in secure facilities during that same period. Furthermore, in 2001, when juvenile crime rates were comparable to the rates in 1980, the number of youth confined in secure juvenile or adult detention centers was more than double the number in 1980 – 51,000 on any given day in 1980, compared to 104,000 on an average day in 2001. Additionally, despite the dramatic decline in juvenile arrest rates since 1994, more than 44%, there has not been a parallel decline in youth confinement, which has stayed relatively constant  since 1995 (Sickmund, 2002). This increased reliance on secure detention accommodations brings with it several concerns regarding the present juvenile justice model of confinement. After looking at the apparent trends in the United States in regards to juvenile crime rates and a propensity towards harsher punishments despite a seeming decrease in juvenile delinquency, there are concerns which arise out of the adult adjudication and incarceration of our youth. Melissa Sickmund claims that one of the largest c oncerns about secure detention and confinement of juveniles is overcrowding of facilities. She estimates that 39% of juvenile detention facilities are housing more residents than they are meant to accommodate, creating dangerous situations for management, and hindering opportunities for treatment and rehabilitation (Sickmund, 2002). Overcrowding of facilities presents many challenges for administrators, potential rehabilitators, and the confined youth. Opportunities for educational development, such as obtaining a GED, for youth detained for extended periods of time, are extremely limited. Furthermore, mental health needs cannot be appropriately addressed. It is estimated that between 50 – 70% of juveniles who are incarcerated have diagnosable mental health issues and up to a quarter of those may be suicidal, but access to proper treatment is difficult in crowded facilities (Wasserman, Ko & McReynolds, 2004). In addition to the physical, educational and mental health needs of confined youth not being successfully met, unproven effectiveness of detention and confinement is another major concern. Recidivism rates are extremely high for youth confined in correctional units, such as training schools, where up to 70% of released youth are rearrested within one or two years after their release (Wiebush et al., 2005). Not only are there substantial concerns for the well-being of juveniles in secure facilities, the cost of operating and continuing to construct these facilities is extraordinary. In the year 2000 alone, at least $10-$15 billion was expended in the United States for juvenile justice, most of which went towards paying confinement expenses (Mendel, 2000). Rather than focus on treatment and teaching skills which will help these juveniles become productive members of society, these facilities create a considerable separation from family and community, succeeding only in isolating these youth and making community re-entry difficult (Wiebush et al., 2005). Because of these, and other, issues,  positive alternatives to incarceration for young offenders must be made availab le and used to the fullest extent possible. As is illustrated by the many concerns surrounding the secure confinement of juvenile offenders, its ineffectiveness is apparent, and there are much more advantageous and beneficial alternatives available to these youth. According to Rolf Loeber and David Farrington, secure confinement should be reserved only for those juveniles who are a likely threat to themselves or public safety, and even then, small, community based facilities are preferable. They contend that â€Å"The most effective strategy for treating and rehabilitating juvenile offenders and preventing recidivism is a comprehensive, community-based model that integrates prevention programming; a continuum of pretrial and sentencing placement options, services and sanctions; and aftercare programs† (Loeber & Farrington, 1998, p 333). Community-based curricula are affordable alternatives available to a large number of juvenile offenders, which are intended to decrease crowding, cut costs of maintaining juvenile detention centers, protect offenders from the negative attention of institutionalization, and help sustain positive relationships between the youth and their families and communities while discouraging association with youth who have similar, or more serious criminal histories. One community-based program which has proven to be very effective as an alternative to secure confinement for juveniles is home detention. Home detention requires the offender to remain at home either at all times, at all times when not in school or working, or at night. During home detention, supervisors, normally paraprofessional outreach workers, have much more frequent contact with the youth than traditional probation officers, but the juveniles are allowed to remain with family in their communities (Ball, Huff & Lilly, 1998, p. 158). High levels of success are reported with home detention programs. Studies conducted in California, Ohio and Alabama have reported an 89-97% success rate with their home detention programs, success being measured by recidivism rates, which were generally under 8%, compared to up to 70% for those youth being held in secure detention (Austin, Johnson & Weitzer, 2005). In addition to keeping children within their communities, community-based treatment and therapy has been pegged as one of the most effective treatments for juvenile delinquency. A goal of community-based treatment is to increase parental  authority and supervision as well as focus on any school, family or interpersonal needs or potential problems (Cullen & Gendreau, 2000). There are many successful intensive supervision programs (ISPs) of this type across the country. One such program is the San Francisco based Detention Diversion Advocacy Program (DDAP). Juveniles are referred to DDAP by parents, courts, probation officers or other community agencies. Upon referral to the program, DDAP identifies potential problems, and presents a rehabilitative plan to the court. Offenders live at home, and they and their families are provided with needed services by DDAP case workers. A 2007 study of DDAP found that the recidivism rate of juveniles in this program was less than half that of juve niles who were held in detention facilities for at least 3 days (24 percent versus 60 percent) (Sheldon, 2009). Many reasons were cited for DDAP’s success, including: smaller caseloads, freedom of the caseworkers from administrative limitations of the juvenile justice system, and the program’s emphasis on treatment and educational services along with precise goals to follow the youth’s progress (Sheldon, 2009). Similar programs are also in place for those youth who are unable to return to their homes or families for any reason. Treatment foster care programs are suitable alternative locations in the community for those children who may not be able to live at home. Treatment foster care programs are unlike traditional group homes or foster homes in that the foster care families are actively recruited and specially trained to care for only one youth at a time in their home. The training provided to the foster parents stresses behavior management methods in order to provide the youth in their care with structure and a corrective living environment. Even after training, daily support is provided by case managers through telephone calls and visits. Biological families are also provided family therapy services. Random evaluations of these programs have shown that recidivism rates are lower among these participants than in those in traditional group homes and secure facilities (Greenwood, 2008). Treatment foster care programs are another example of successful alternatives to juvenile detention. As has been shown in the above examples, the research that exists in regards to juvenile justice suggests that community-based alternatives to detention and s ecure confinement of juveniles are at least, and most times more, effective in reducing recidivism rates among young  offenders, while being significantly lower in cost to operate. Despite noticeable decreases in juvenile crime, many jurisdictions are still faced with the problems of overcrowding in their juvenile detention facilities. In addition to the many negative consequences surrounding overcrowding, such as the facility’s inability to maintain safety and security, most youth will simply not benefit from confinement without the use of evidence based programs (Greenwood, 2008). Effectively dealing with juvenile delinquency involves a myriad of issues ranging from the immaturity of young offenders to the changing trends of juvenile crime. When looking at the many possible outcomes of both incarceration and alternate forms of punishment, we should be able to draw a better conclusion about what types of punishments or treatments are most effective for this group of offend ers. As a community, we must focus on opportunities to mentor and grow the youth of today into productive contributors of tomorrow’s society. To achieve this, youthful offenders must be embraced, not forgotten. References Austin, J., Johnson, K. D., & Weitzer, R. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2005). Alternatives to the secure detention and confinement of juvenile offenders. Retrieved from website: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/208804.pdf Ball, R., Huff, C., and Lilly, J. 1988. House Arrest and Correctional Policy: Doing time at home. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Brinks, D. O. (2004, Jan). Immaturity, normative competence, and juvenile transfer: How (not) to punish minors for major crimes. Retrieved from http://philosophyfaculty.ucsd.edu/faculty/dbrink/pdf articles/Immaturity, Normative Competence, and Juvenile Transfer.pdf Browne, J.A. 2003. DERAILED! The schoolhouse to jailhouse track. Washington, DC: Advancement Project. Cullen, F., and Gendreau, P. 2000. Assessing correctional rehabilitation: Policy, practice, and prospects in Criminal Justice, vol. 3, edited by J. Horney. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, pp. 109–160. Greenwood, P. W. (2008). Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders. Journal: Juvenile Justice, 18(2), Retrieved from http://www.futureofchildren.org/futureofchildren/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=31&articleid=47 §ionid=166 History of America’s juvenile justice system. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.lawyershop.com/practice-areas/criminal-law/juvenile-law/history Lipsey, M., and Wilson, D. 1998. Effective intervention for serious juvenile offenders. In Serious and violent juvenile offenders, edited by R. Loeber and D. Farrington. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (1998). Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions. (pp. 313-345). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. McCord, J., Widom, C.S., and Crowell, N.A., eds. 2001. Juvenile crime, juvenile justice. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Mendel, R.A. 2000. Less hype, more help: Reducing juvenile crime, what works—and what doesn’t. Washington, DC: American Youth Policy Forum. Puzzanchera, C. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (2008). Juvenile arrests. Retrieved from Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention website: https:// www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp Ramsey, S. H., & Abrams, D. E. (2004). Children and the law: Doctrine, policy and practice. (4 ed.). West Law School. Scott, E. S., & Steinberg, L. (2008). Rethinking juvenile justice. Harvard University Press. Shelden, R. 2009. Detention diversion advocacy: An evaluation. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Sickmund, M. 2002. Juvenile residential facility census, 2000: Selected findings. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Swift, M. I. (1911). Humanizing the prisons. The Atlantic Monthly, 108(2), 170-179. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/95nov/prisons/humanizi.htm Wasserman, G., Ko, S., McReynolds, L. 2004. Assessing the mental health status of youth in juvenile justice settings. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Wiebush, R., Wagner, D., McNulty, B., Wang, Y., and Le, T. 2005. Implementation and outcome evaluation of the intensive aftercare program. Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Young, M. C., & Gainsborough, J. (2000, Jan).Prosecuting juveniles in adult court: An assessment of trends and consequences. Retrieved from http://www.prisonpolicy.org/scans/sp/juvenile.pdf Zavlek, S. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (2005, Aug). Planning community-based facilities for violent juvenile offenders as part of a system of graduated sanctions. Retrieved from website: https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp

Case Study Regency Grand Hotel Essay

Introduction: The Regency Grand was Thai owned and operated. It was a profitable and successful company during it 15 year existence with very high morale within the company. Employee’s worked according to management’s instructions. Employees were not allowed to be innovated and creative. All decisions were at management level. When Regency was bought out by a US Hotel chain, the general manager decided to retire early. The American based company then appointed John Becker as general manager. John has 10 years experience with the American company. John was appointed due to his previous success integrating newly acquired hotels in the US. In most previous acquisitions, Becker took over operation with poor profitability and low morale. After he implemented changes the employees morale decline, absenteeism increased, customer complaints increased, and poor ratings in the media. 1. Culture–The US based company failed to research or invested in any culture changes that might affect employees when they acquired the Regency Hotel. 2. Change–John made sweeping changes that once worked in the past for fledging acquired hotels. Becker failed to plan and implement change. He did not involve any staff in the change process nor did he have a change agent to help oversee the change process within the newly acquired hotel. John based his decisions off what was successful in the past in American style business. He failed to consider the Regency was already successful and profitable with high employee morale. 3. Communication–John empowered employees to make minor decisions while only elevating major decisions to management. John failed to communicate expectations of what are minor decisions and what are major decisions. He also encouraged employees to be innovative and creative. * Problem Statement: There are several issues with this case, but the three main problems in this case are Culture, Change, and Communication. The American based company provided no culture training to John Becker or the staff at the Regency. John Becker had no plan for changes he implemented.  Lastly, but most important was the poor communications within the entire company. Even with the best plan; if it is not communicated properly then it will fail. * Analysis and Evaluation: During his staff meeting with management John did not communicate his expectations, nor did he ensure every manager understood the tool empowerment. Using the MARS model under roles perception, if tasks such as John expectations, standards, rules, and definitions such as the difference between major and minor issues were properly communicated then managers would not over turn employees decisions. Employees would have job satisfaction, high morale and a sense of purpose. Employee’s decisions were over turn by management led to increases in absenteeism, turnover, and customer complaints resulting in the decline of service in the media’s eye. Using the Expectancy Theory of Motivation, provide role clarity and increase reward with desired outcomes. ABC of Behavior Modification can be use to set effective goals use the Specific, Measurable Achievable Relevant Time-frames Exciting Reviewed (SMARTER) Alternative actions to improve the performance are 1- Build a manager/employee guide to communicate the standards, rules, expectations, and define what major/minor decisions are. Hire a SIGMA 6 facilitator to oversee the process. Provide comment boxes for suggestions of improvement, feedback, and open communication. In addition to employees Performance appraisals, provide a 360 scoring of managers/employees such as online surveys. 2- In addition to the first choice, open lines of communication within the organization such as the open door policy. Get the whole team involved in the decision making process through meetings gear to meeting their needs both for management and the employees. Provide employees an avenue to voice concerns (anonymous if needed), and address issues on an individual bases. * Recommendation: The best of the alternatives listed above is 2. This alternative provides open communication, training to the entire staff, and both managers/employees handbooks that outlines expectations, rules, and standards. It also provides an expert to oversee the process. This  alternative also fights for feedback both from management and employees. You must communicate the change to the entire staff, listen to the concerns, and allow for anonymous feedback. After meeting with management to explain the change, have a facilitator oversee this process. After the management team is onboard. You should involve the employees with the same concept as the management. Get the whole team involved in the development ideas for the guide. Assign certain team both management and employees with the task of creating the guides. This should be implementing immediately.